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Could a total solar eclipse have marked the end of the "Age of the Great Pyramids"?

Archaeoastronomy investigates about this unsolved mistery

Shepseskaf's tomb
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The Fourth Dynasty of Egyptian Pharaohs is a pivotal period in architectural history. During this relatively brief era (circa 2600–2450 BCE), the magnificent pyramids of Dahshur and Giza were constructed.

At the end of the fourth dynasty there is the brief reign of the pharaoh Shepseskaf, which marked a strong discontinuity with the existing tradition, downsizing the importance of the solar cult.

This is evidenced by the fact that, unlike those of his predecessors, Shepsaskaf's tomb is not oriented towards Heliopolis, the main center of the cult of the Sun with which all the previous pharaohs of the fourth dynasty were closely associated; most notably, Shepseskaf’s tomb is not a pyramid but a monument resembling the archaic Egyptian sanctuaries of Buto, a sacred site in the Nile delta.

The Pharaohs of the subsequent two dynasties tried to restore the importance of the solar cult and also built their tombs in the form of pyramids, but none of them compare in quality to the Giza monuments.

What determined this change?

A new study conducted by Giulio Magli, professor of Archaeoastronomy at the Department of Mathematics of the Politecnico di Milano, hypothesizes that the cause may have been a total solar eclipse, which occurred in 2471 BC during the reign of Shepseskaf, which led to the almost total obscuration of the Giza area and the capital, Memphis.

This eclipse - perceived by the people as a powerful omen - could have led to a symbolic crisis for the solar cult, convincing the pharaoh to move away from it by adopting an alternative architectural language, closer to archaic Egyptian traditions.

Giulio Magli, docente di archeoastronomia

Read the study